Accounting Careers

Accountants play a critical role in a company’s many financial facets. In general, they balance books, record costs and profits, execute payroll, pay taxes and bills, and issue financial statements to outside organizations. Although these may appear to be straightforward tasks, accountants are required to be well-versed in protocol and regulations to avoid scandal, which results in costly fines and marred reputations. However, the accounting industry is drawing a breath of fresh air after exchanging paper spitting calculators and ledger sheets for advanced accounting software. Career Accountants now have the opportunity to wear the consulting hat, spending less time crunching numbers and more time serving as financial vernacular translators for the management sector.

This new hat also comes with a whole new outfit. Employers now seek Accounting applicants that are not only math and detail-oriented, but possess analytical thinking skills that lend them to spot and solve problems. Still, even the best solutions are worthless if they cannot be communicated to a member that can implement it. Therefore, strong written and verbal communication skills are important qualifications for the modern accounting position. A bachelor’s degree in finance, business, or management of information systems (MIS) is considered suitable training by employers for the technical, analytical, and communication skills necessary to succeed in entry-level positions. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, however, requires 150 hours of university education, thirty hours more than a typical four-year degree, before qualifying to take the CPA exam. For those embarking on the internal auditing and management accounting career path, there is the Internal Auditors or the Institute of Management Accountants, which issue certifications required by some employers. Qualifications for bookkeeping positions are much more lax, offering positions to high school graduates, associate degree holders, or people with a degree in an unrelated field. Notably, these positions are often more tedious and offer less compensation.

Optimistically speaking, there are several accounting career tracks in the industry that highlight a wide range of interests and accountant training: public accounting, in-house accounting, internal auditors, management accountants, government accountants, bookkeepers and auditing clerks, and independent. Public Accountants prepare a company’s tax statements and external auditing, which make financial records available to the government and the public. These accountants enjoy the flexibility of their work because their skills are needed by small and big firms alike. In-House Accountants set budgets, manage assets and payroll, track payments, and handle other financial matters. Internal Auditors and Management Accountants assume a more internal function by checking accounting systems for clerical errors, enforcing regulations, streamlining processes, advising on critical decisions and strategy planning. Government Accountants are financial disciplinarians that collect revenue and see that it is spent in accordance with the law. Bookkeepers and Auditing Clerks perform the task of inputting data into the company’s financial record keeping system. However, once you’ve earned your CPA, the allure of becoming an entrepreneur gains strength since many businesses are willing to arrange for advising sessions and tax return work on a contract basis.

Regardless of the position, a career in accounting offers many opportunities to move up after getting that foot into the door, and right now the door is open. After a series of industry scandals, companies are eagerly seeking ethical applicants to fill forensic positions in order to reestablish their clients’ faith. The public accounting sector also has many available positions in auditing and taxes. These Accounting Career opportunities are primarily situated in the health care and manufacturing industries, but the Big Four Accounting Firms (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Ernst & Young, KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers) are always looking for bright-eyed youngsters to fill menial positions in exchange for a big name to print on a resume.

The Big Four Accounting Firms offer a far from shabby starting salary in the mid $30,000s to $40,000 for entry-level accounting employees who quickly move up to the mid $40,000 to high $50,000 upon reaching seniority status. Management Accountants earn $60,000 to mid $70,000 a year and partners generally make more than $120,000. Although smaller firms may offer slightly lower wages, salaries in general are projected to continue rising in the industry over the next few years.

An Expert System Powered By Uncertainty

The Artificial Intelligence community sought to understand human intelligence by building computer programs, which exhibited intelligent behavior. Intelligence was perceived to be a problem solving ability. Most human problems appeared to have reasoned, rather than mathematical, solutions. The diagnosis of a disease could hardly be calculated. If a patient had a group of symptoms, then she had a particular disease. But, such reasoning required prior knowledge. The programs needed to have the “knowledge” that the disease exhibited a particular group of symptoms. For the AI community, that vague knowledge residing in the minds of “Experts” was superior to text book knowledge. So they called the programs, which solved such problems, Expert Systems.

Expert Systems managed goal oriented problem solving tasks including diagnosis, planning, scheduling, configuration and design. One method of knowledge representation was through “If, then…” rules. When the “If” part of a rule was satisfied, then the “Then” part of the rule was concluded. These became rule based Expert Systems. But knowledge was sometimes factual and at other times, vague. Factual knowledge had clear cause to effect relationships, where clear conclusions could be drawn from concrete rules. Pain was one symptom of a disease. If the disease always exhibited pain, then pain pointed to the disease. But vague and judgmental knowledge was called heuristic knowledge. It was more of an art. The pain symptom could not mechanically point to diseases, which occasionally exhibited pain. Uncertainty did not yield concrete answers.

The AI community tried to solve this problem by suggesting a statistical, or heuristic analysis of uncertainty. The possibilities were represented by real numbers or by sets of real-valued vectors. The vectors were evaluated by means of different “fuzzy” concepts. The components of the measurements were listed, giving the basis of the numerical values. Variations were combined, using methods for computing combination of variances. The combined uncertainty and its components were expressed in the form of “standard deviations.” Uncertainty was given a mathematical expression, which was hardly useful in the diagnosis of a disease.

The human mind did not compute mathematical relationships to assess uncertainty. The mind knew that a particular symptom pointed to a possibility, because it used intuition, a process of elimination, to instantly identify patterns. Vague information was powerfully useful to an elimination process, since they eliminated many other possibilities. If the patient lacked pain, all diseases, which always exhibited pain, could be eliminated. Diseases, which sometimes exhibited pain were retained. Further symptoms helped identification from a greatly reduced database. A selection was easier from a smaller group. Uncertainty could be powerfully useful for an elimination process.

Intuition was an algorithm, which evaluated the whole database, eliminating every context that did not fit. This algorithm has powered Expert Systems which acted speedily to recognize a disease, identify a case law or diagnose the problems of a complex machine. It was instant, holistic, and logical. If several parallel answers could be presented, as in the multiple parameters of a power plant, recognition was instant. For the mind, where millions of parameters were simultaneously presented, real time pattern recognition was practical. And elimination was the key, which could conclusively handle uncertainty, without resort to abstruse calculations.

350-029 certification

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Mba Interview Secrets — Tips For Acing That Mba Interview And Beating Out The Competition

Getting into a top MBA program can be quite a challenge. And chances are that you’re not thinking about getting into just any old program either. You want a top notch program. Read on to discover a key strategy that will help you ace that MBA interview and get into the MBA program of choice.

Of course there is a lot of work involved when it comes to getting into a top MBA program. I bet you’re probably putting in a lot of effort into scoring good grades and especially good MCAT results. And then you’ll need letters of recommendation and an impressive resume.

That’s very helpful, for obvious reasons, but there’s something else that’s important. Those good grades and those impressive MCAT scores may help you get an interview, but it’ll actually be the MBA interview itself that will make or break your chances of actually getting in.

So what will it take to do well in the interview.

Here are a few tips:

1) They want students that will make them look good.

Remember that at all times. This is the key to getting into the program. Long after you have graduated, you’ll still be part of the program. If you do well, you’ll be one of their success stories. And they want as many of those as possible.

So whatever you do, you need to focus on what it would take to do well in the program.

Then do those things.

2) They want students who really want to be in THEIR program.

There’s nothing more demoralizing than having a student who’d rather be somewhere else. And since MBA programs have their pick of applicants, they will pick those who really want to be there.

So if you want to be among the top picks, research your prospective program and figure out as many solid reasons as possible why THIS is the program you really want to be part of.

3) Show commitment before they even admit you.

One way to do that is to visit their campus to check out the facilities, meet some of the faculty members and students there, and even attend a class or two.

It shows you’re really enthusiastic about their school, and it will put you on the short list of applicants once you actually apply and write about how much you enjoyed your visit and that you really, really hope that you’ll be accepted because you’re so looking forward to being part of their program.

4) How all of this will help you in your interview?

Once you get invited to the interview, you will benefit greatly from keeping all of the above in mind, and from having visited their campus before.

Remember, they want students who will be successful. So do what you can to demonstrate your commitment. Show them how well you’ll fit into their program and how much you’re looking forward to your time there.

And say a few nice things about your visit. What impressed you the most? Who do you want to study with? You get the idea. The fact that you have visited their program will make your enthusiasm all the more credible.

The History of the Cigar Lighter

The lighter was invented in 1816. The first lighter was called «Dobereiner’s Lamp» (named after its creator, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner). But his lighter did not use butane or oil as fuel, it used hydrogen. Another difference was that these lighters used platinum as the catalyst (used to start the chemical change of fuel to fire) instead of flint, or a Piezoelectric spark.

Common smokers mostly used matches until the flint lighter became more popular. By 1908, the flint lighter was refined enough and small enough to fit inside a pocket. Special flint made specifically for lighters went into mass production at this time. Obviously, flint is a fraction of the cost of platinum. Using platinum as a catalyst faded out and flint took its place. This lit the kindling which would light the fire that fueled rise of the lighter.

The development of lighters accelerated during World War I.

In the 1920s, lighters were still somewhat of a luxury for smokers. It would be a heavy setback for the average blue collar worker who smoked. But when the 1930s came along, a man named George G. Blaisdell noticed an awkward Austrian lighter that had room for improvement and acted on it.

He improved the ergonomics of the lighter’s case, so it was not as awkward to hold. Then he designed a perforated hood for the wick, which kept the lighter’s flame windproof ! Additionally, he modified the fuel chamber to be more efficient, and added a hinged flip-top lid. And voila ! Zippo entered the world of lighters.

After the emergence of Zippo, other lighter companies started popping up. All the competition caused prices to fall dramatically. Lighters then became a hot novelty and were very collectible. Ronson made their first automatic lighter in the late 1920s but did not gain in popularity, until the rise of Zippo. Dunhill became more aggressive in the production of their lighters. St. Dupont added lighters to their line of products. Also, Colibri began making their first automatic lighters.

The fuel used in most of the lighters in the 1930s was naphtha, an oily liquid that comes from petroleum. In the 1930s-40s, a ground-breaking innovation to the lighter emerged. It is hard to say exactly who conceived of the idea, but Ronson starting producing mass-producing lighters that used butane as a fuel, instead of naphtha.

A technology also started to rapidly develop after the first World War—Piezoelectricity. Like the lighter, Piezoelectricity was invented in the early 1800s, but the full potential of it was only first realized in 1917, by French scientists. Ronson used the same Piezoelectric effect used in this machine, to create an igniter for lighters that transforms energy into an electric spark.

Since the late 1950s, when the Piezoelectric spark was introduced, lighters have been used by almost all smokers. Now, there are more lighter manufacturers than ever. There are also many different flame types. Aside from a natural flame, there are now lighters that produce torch and jet flames and even multi-flames.

Today smokers might choose a different flame type as a matter of preference or because of what they are smoking (pipes or cigars). Cigar smokers usually use torch lighters and pipe smokers would probably prefer a natural flame lighter.

WVTR-Water Vapor Transmission Rate

WVTR is the abbreviation for water vapor transmission rate, which is defined as the constant rate at which water vapor permeates through a specimen film at specified conditions of temperature and relative humidity.

WVTR is of great significance for package quality. With the Water vapor transmission rate testing, effective quality control of food, drug and electronic products, etc. can be guaranteed so as to improve the storage, transportation and shelf life results and prolong shelf life span of the products.

The WVTR measurement is applicable for barrier property evaluation of plastic films, laminated films, sheets, back sheets, high barrier materials, foils, OLED, water-proof membranes and bottles, pouches, jars, boxes made of plastic, rubber, paper, glass and metal, as well as medical devices, etc.

The testing principle of WVTR is as follows: Mount the preconditioned specimen between the testing cells, clamp tightly. Nitrogen with constant humidity flows through one side of specimen, dry nitrogen flows through another side of the specimen. Under the function of humidity difference/grades, water vapor passes through the specimen and enters the lower humid side, and is carried to the sensor by the dry nitrogen. The electrical signals are generated at the sensor when the water vapor enters. Calculate the water vapor transmission rate by analyzing the electrical signals. For package test, dry nitrogen flows in the package, humid nitrogen flows around the outer side of the package.

Labthink Instruments Co., Ltd., as the leading transmission testing instrument manufacturer, devotes to providing excellent WVTR testing instruments. Recently, Labthink introduces innovative Labthink PERME W3/330 Water Vapor Permeability Tester. This tester is of master base and satellite module mode, which can effectively test 30 kinds of specimen simultaneously. This instruments complies with ISO 15106-3, GB/T 21529, DIN 53122-2, YBB 00092003 and other international standards.

PPSTM certification

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Photo Album Software For Website

Since 1993, ACD Systems International Inc. has been one of the world’s leading providers of image management and technical illustration software.

With the award winning products ACDSee Pro, ACDSee Photo Manager, ACDSee Photo Editor, FotoSlate Photo Print Studio and Canvas, we deliver what the advanced amateur, professional photographer, scrapbooker and professional illustrator needs to manage, create, edit, share and publish content quickly, easily and efficiently.

As one of the first shareware programs and the de facto JPEG decoder/viewer for Mosaic, the ACDSee image management product quickly gained a loyal following. We continually consult and connect with our greatest asset — our users — and improve our products to meet their ever expanding needs. Over the years, individuals and organizations have come to rely on ACD Systems to do more, and get more out of their images.

Headquartered in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and an office in the United States, we serve millions of consumer, business and corporate customers, including governments, educational institutions and Fortune 500 companies.

If you’re prone to fits of innovation, creativity, groundbreaking achievement, and professional excellence, then you’re exactly the kind of person ACD Systems is looking for.

ACD will help you reach your career dreams as an important part of a dedicated and skillful team. Join a group of professionals that foster new ideas, hard work, and cooperation. Work for a company that offers you the support and encouragement you need to reach individual and group successes.

We recruit the top-talent in the industry, promote creativity and innovation, and develop corporate competence and responsibility at every level of our business operations.

ACD creates and delivers digital imaging and technical illustration software solutions to some of the world’s most notable companies. Our products and services help our global customers to succeed in an ever changing digital landscape.